Current Edition

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Section 1 Current Edition

This textbook was last updated on June 22, 2026. The latest pdf can be found on Github while the most up to date web based version is on Github Pages [33].

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A note on AI: Note that many sections have been written with the help of Github’s Copilot [1] and even Google’s Gemini [2]. Originially their were plans to properly cite each section that was written with the help of AI but the authors lost track given it’s seamless integration with VScode and Android smart phones as well as any browser at this point. As such, it is important to note that after September of 2025 it is safe to assume that most if not all sections were written with the help of AI. The authors are aware of the ethical implications of this issue however are rigorously check all sections and text to ensure that the content is correct and free of errors.

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